〜ないで

N3

without doing / don't and

Structure

Verb nai-form + で

Explanation

「〜ないで」 means "without doing / don't and". Structure: Verb nai-form + で. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

Example sentences

shuuri o tsukawanai de sagyou shimashita.

I worked without using the repair.

shiryou o tsukawanai de sagyou shimashita.

I worked without using the materials.

kikai o tsukawanai de sagyou shimashita.

I worked without using the machine.

zairyou o tsukawanai de sagyou shimashita.

I worked without using the ingredients.

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