Grammar

based on ~

Noun + に基づいて

「〜に基づいて」 means "based on ~". Structure: Noun + に基づいて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

according to / in response to

Noun + に応じて

「〜に応じて」 means "according to / in response to". Structure: Noun + に応じて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

along / in line with

Noun + に沿って

「〜に沿って」 means "along / in line with". Structure: Noun + に沿って. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

along with / as ~

Noun + に伴って

「〜に伴って」 means "along with / as ~". Structure: Noun + に伴って. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

as ~ (gradual change)

Verb dictionary + につれて

「〜につれて」 means "as ~ (gradual change)". Structure: Verb dictionary + につれて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in accordance with / as

Noun + にしたがって

「〜にしたがって」 means "in accordance with / as". Structure: Noun + にしたがって. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in addition to ~

Noun + に加えて

「〜に加えて」 means "in addition to ~". Structure: Noun + に加えて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

contrary to ~

Noun + に反して

「〜に反して」 means "contrary to ~". Structure: Noun + に反して. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

regardless of ~

Noun + にかかわらず

「〜にかかわらず」 means "regardless of ~". Structure: Noun + にかかわらず. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

despite ~

Noun + にもかかわらず

「〜にもかかわらず」 means "despite ~". Structure: Noun + にもかかわらず. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

regardless of ~

Noun + を問わず

「〜を問わず」 means "regardless of ~". Structure: Noun + を問わず. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

not to mention ~

Noun + はもとより

「〜はもとより」 means "not to mention ~". Structure: Noun + はもとより. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

this is no time for ~

Noun + どころではない

「〜どころではない」 means "this is no time for ~". Structure: Noun + どころではない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

without doing ~

Verb dictionary + ことなく

「〜ことなく」 means "without doing ~". Structure: Verb dictionary + ことなく. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

to my ~ (emotion)

Adj/Verb + ことに

「〜ことに」 means "to my ~ (emotion)". Structure: Adj/Verb + ことに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

because it is ~ (typical)

Noun の + ことだから

「〜ことだから」 means "because it is ~ (typical)". Structure: Noun の + ことだから. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

no need to ~

Verb dictionary + ことはない

「〜ことはない」 means "no need to ~". Structure: Verb dictionary + ことはない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

unless ~

Verb nai-form + ことには

「〜ないことには」 means "unless ~". Structure: Verb nai-form + ことには. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

upon / after doing ~

Verb ta-form + 上で

「〜上で」 means "upon / after doing ~". Structure: Verb ta-form + 上で. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in addition to ~

Plain + 上に

「〜上に」 means "in addition to ~". Structure: Plain + 上に. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

after all that ~ (negative end)

Verb ta-form + あげく

「〜あげく」 means "after all that ~ (negative end)". Structure: Verb ta-form + あげく. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

after (a long process)

Noun の / Verb ta-form + 末に

「〜末に」 means "after (a long process)". Structure: Noun の / Verb ta-form + 末に. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

as soon as ~

Verb stem + 次第

「〜次第」 means "as soon as ~". Structure: Verb stem + 次第. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

depending on ~

Noun + 次第で

「〜次第で」 means "depending on ~". Structure: Noun + 次第で. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

on the other hand

Plain + 一方で

「〜一方で」 means "on the other hand". Structure: Plain + 一方で. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

keeps on ~ing

Verb dictionary + 一方だ

「〜一方だ」 means "keeps on ~ing". Structure: Verb dictionary + 一方だ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

on the other side

Plain + 反面

「〜反面」 means "on the other side". Structure: Plain + 反面. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

instead of ~

Noun の + かわりに

「〜かわりに」 means "instead of ~". Structure: Noun の + かわりに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

considering ~

Plain + わりに

「〜わりに」 means "considering ~". Structure: Plain + わりに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

even though (critical)

Plain + くせに

「〜くせに」 means "even though (critical)". Structure: Plain + くせに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.