Grammar

hardly had ~ when

Verb + か + nai-form + かのうちに

「〜か〜ないかのうちに」 means "hardly had ~ when". Structure: Verb + か + nai-form + かのうちに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

right in the middle of ~

Noun の + 最中に

「〜最中に」 means "right in the middle of ~". Structure: Noun の + 最中に. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

while ~

Plain + うちに

「〜うちに」 means "while ~". Structure: Plain + うちに. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

ever since ~

Verb te-form + 以来

「〜て以来」 means "ever since ~". Structure: Verb te-form + 以来. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

prior to ~

Noun + に先立って

「〜に先立って」 means "prior to ~". Structure: Noun + に先立って. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

starting with ~

Noun + をはじめ

「〜をはじめ」 means "starting with ~". Structure: Noun + をはじめ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

centering on ~

Noun + を中心に

「〜を中心に」 means "centering on ~". Structure: Noun + を中心に. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

concerning / over ~

Noun + をめぐって

「〜をめぐって」 means "concerning / over ~". Structure: Noun + をめぐって. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

through ~

Noun + を通じて

「〜を通じて」 means "through ~". Structure: Noun + を通じて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

with (feelings)

Noun + を込めて

「〜を込めて」 means "with (feelings)". Structure: Noun + を込めて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

without ~

Noun + 抜きで

「〜抜きで」 means "without ~". Structure: Noun + 抜きで. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

full of ~

Noun + だらけ

「〜だらけ」 means "full of ~". Structure: Noun + だらけ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

slightly ~

Noun / Verb stem + 気味

「〜気味」 means "slightly ~". Structure: Noun / Verb stem + 気味. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

prone to ~

Verb stem / Noun + がち

「〜がち」 means "prone to ~". Structure: Verb stem / Noun + がち. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

looking ~ (appearance)

Adj stem + げ

「〜げ」 means "looking ~ (appearance)". Structure: Adj stem + げ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

-ish

Noun / Verb stem + っぽい

「〜っぽい」 means "-ish". Structure: Noun / Verb stem + っぽい. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

cannot (politely)

Verb stem + かねる

「〜かねる」 means "cannot (politely)". Structure: Verb stem + かねる. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

might well (negative)

Verb stem + かねない

「〜かねない」 means "might well (negative)". Structure: Verb stem + かねない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

can possibly ~

Verb stem + 得る

「〜得る」 means "can possibly ~". Structure: Verb stem + 得る. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

combining with ~

Noun + を兼ねて

「〜兼ねて」 means "combining with ~". Structure: Noun + を兼ねて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

no way to ~

Verb stem + ようがない

「〜ようがない」 means "no way to ~". Structure: Verb stem + ようがない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

cannot help but ~

Verb nai-stem + ざるを得ない

「〜ざるを得ない」 means "cannot help but ~". Structure: Verb nai-stem + ざるを得ない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

cannot help ~ing

Verb nai-stem + ずにはいられない

「〜ずにはいられない」 means "cannot help ~ing". Structure: Verb nai-stem + ずにはいられない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

(general truth / should)

Plain + ものだ

「〜ものだ」 means "(general truth / should)". Structure: Plain + ものだ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

should not ~

Verb dictionary + ものではない

「〜ものではない」 means "should not ~". Structure: Verb dictionary + ものではない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

should ~

Verb dictionary + べきだ

「〜べきだ」 means "should ~". Structure: Verb dictionary + べきだ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

should not ~

Verb dictionary + べきではない

「〜べきではない」 means "should not ~". Structure: Verb dictionary + べきではない. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

will not / probably not

Verb dictionary + まい

「〜まい」 means "will not / probably not". Structure: Verb dictionary + まい. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

while ~ / although

Verb stem + つつ

「〜つつ」 means "while ~ / although". Structure: Verb stem + つつ. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in the process of ~

Verb stem + つつある

「〜つつある」 means "in the process of ~". Structure: Verb stem + つつある. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.