Grammar

passive voice

Verb passive form

「〜られます (passive)」 means "passive voice". Structure: Verb passive form. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

make / let someone do

Verb causative form

「〜させます (causative)」 means "make / let someone do". Structure: Verb causative form. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

receive a favor

Verb te-form + もらいます

「〜てもらいます」 means "receive a favor". Structure: Verb te-form + もらいます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

someone does for me

Verb te-form + くれます

「〜てくれます」 means "someone does for me". Structure: Verb te-form + くれます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

do for someone

Verb te-form + あげます

「〜てあげます」 means "do for someone". Structure: Verb te-form + あげます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

comparison of ease

Verb stem + やすい/にくい

「〜やすい・〜にくい比較」 means "comparison of ease". Structure: Verb stem + やすい/にくい. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

until ~

Time/Place + まで

「〜まで」 means "until ~". Structure: Time/Place + まで. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

by (deadline)

Time + までに

「〜までに」 means "by (deadline)". Structure: Time + までに. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

while / during

Noun の + 間に

「〜間に」 means "while / during". Structure: Noun の + 間に. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

when ~

Plain form + とき

「〜とき」 means "when ~". Structure: Plain form + とき. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in the case of ~

Noun の + 場合は

「〜場合は」 means "in the case of ~". Structure: Noun の + 場合は. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

called ~

Noun + という + Noun

「〜という」 means "called ~". Structure: Noun + という + Noun. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

about / concerning ~

Noun + について

「〜について」 means "about / concerning ~". Structure: Noun + について. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

for the sake of ~

Noun + のために

「〜のために」 means "for the sake of ~". Structure: Noun + のために. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

so that ~

Verb dictionary/nai + ように

「〜ように」 means "so that ~". Structure: Verb dictionary/nai + ように. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

although ~

Plain form + のに

「〜のに」 means "although ~". Structure: Plain form + のに. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

even if ~

Verb te-form + も

「〜ても」 means "even if ~". Structure: Verb te-form + も. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

have done before

Verb ta-form + ことがあります

「〜たことがあります」 means "have done before". Structure: Verb ta-form + ことがあります. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

sometimes happens

Verb dictionary + ことがあります

「〜ことがあります」 means "sometimes happens". Structure: Verb dictionary + ことがあります. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

begin to ~

Verb stem + 始めます

「〜始めます」 means "begin to ~". Structure: Verb stem + 始めます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

finish doing ~

Verb stem + 終わります

「〜終わります」 means "finish doing ~". Structure: Verb stem + 終わります. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

continue doing ~

Verb stem + 続けます

「〜続けます」 means "continue doing ~". Structure: Verb stem + 続けます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

how to ~

Verb stem + 方

「〜方」 means "how to ~". Structure: Verb stem + 方. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

decide on ~

Noun + にします

「〜にします」 means "decide on ~". Structure: Noun + にします. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

polite copula (keigo)

Noun + でございます

「〜でございます」 means "polite copula (keigo)". Structure: Noun + でございます. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

can ~

Verb potential form

「〜れる/られる (potential)」 means "can ~". Structure: Verb potential form. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

could I ask you to ~?

Noun + をお願いできますか

「〜お願いできますか」 means "could I ask you to ~?". Structure: Noun + をお願いできますか. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

could you please ~?

Verb te-form + いただけますか

「〜ていただけますか」 means "could you please ~?". Structure: Verb te-form + いただけますか. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

please let me ~

Verb causative te-form + ください

「〜させてください」 means "please let me ~". Structure: Verb causative te-form + ください. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

as it is / unchanged

Verb ta-form / Noun の + まま

「〜まま」 means "as it is / unchanged". Structure: Verb ta-form / Noun の + まま. This is a JLPT N4 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.