Grammar

polite copula

Noun + でございます

「〜でございます」 means "polite copula". Structure: Noun + でございます. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

humbly do ~

Causative te-form + いただく

「〜させていただく」 means "humbly do ~". Structure: Causative te-form + いただく. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

should have ~

Verb ba-form + よかった

「〜ばよかった」 means "should have ~". Structure: Verb ba-form + よかった. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

had better ~

Verb ta-form + ほうがいい

「〜たほうがいい」 means "had better ~". Structure: Verb ta-form + ほうがいい. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

have to ~ (casual)

Verb nai-form + と

「〜ないと」 means "have to ~ (casual)". Structure: Verb nai-form + と. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

gotta ~ (casual)

Verb nai-stem + なくちゃ

「〜なくちゃ」 means "gotta ~ (casual)". Structure: Verb nai-stem + なくちゃ. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

without doing ~

Verb nai-stem + ずに

「〜ずに」 means "without doing ~". Structure: Verb nai-stem + ずに. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

without doing / don't and

Verb nai-form + で

「〜ないで」 means "without doing / don't and". Structure: Verb nai-form + で. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in the middle of

Noun + 中

「〜中 (ちゅう)」 means "in the middle of". Structure: Noun + 中. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

as soon as ~

Verb stem + 次第

「〜次第」 means "as soon as ~". Structure: Verb stem + 次第. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

freshly done

Verb stem + たて

「〜たて」 means "freshly done". Structure: Verb stem + たて. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

intended for ~

Noun + 向け

「〜向け」 means "intended for ~". Structure: Noun + 向け. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

-ic / -like (adjectivizer)

Noun + 的

「〜的」 means "-ic / -like (adjectivizer)". Structure: Noun + 的. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

-ization

Noun + 化

「〜化」 means "-ization". Structure: Noun + 化. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

-ness / property

Noun + 性

「〜性」 means "-ness / property". Structure: Noun + 性. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

number of ~

Noun + 数

「〜数」 means "number of ~". Structure: Noun + 数. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

fee / generation

Noun + 代

「〜代」 means "fee / generation". Structure: Noun + 代. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

expenses

Noun + 費

「〜費」 means "expenses". Structure: Noun + 費. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

charge / fee

Noun + 料

「〜料」 means "charge / fee". Structure: Noun + 料. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

not necessarily ~

Plain + とは限らない

「〜とは限らない」 means "not necessarily ~". Structure: Plain + とは限らない. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

from the fact that ~

Plain + ことから

「〜ことから」 means "from the fact that ~". Structure: Plain + ことから. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

keeps on ~ing

Verb dictionary + 一方だ

「〜一方だ」 means "keeps on ~ing". Structure: Verb dictionary + 一方だ. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in the process of ~

Verb stem + つつある

「〜つつある」 means "in the process of ~". Structure: Verb stem + つつある. This is a JLPT N3 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

based on ~

Noun + に基づいて

「〜に基づいて」 means "based on ~". Structure: Noun + に基づいて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

according to / in response to

Noun + に応じて

「〜に応じて」 means "according to / in response to". Structure: Noun + に応じて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

along / in line with

Noun + に沿って

「〜に沿って」 means "along / in line with". Structure: Noun + に沿って. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

along with / as ~

Noun + に伴って

「〜に伴って」 means "along with / as ~". Structure: Noun + に伴って. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

as ~ (gradual change)

Verb dictionary + につれて

「〜につれて」 means "as ~ (gradual change)". Structure: Verb dictionary + につれて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in accordance with / as

Noun + にしたがって

「〜にしたがって」 means "in accordance with / as". Structure: Noun + にしたがって. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.

in addition to ~

Noun + に加えて

「〜に加えて」 means "in addition to ~". Structure: Noun + に加えて. This is a JLPT N2 pattern — the examples below slot different everyday and workplace words into the same structure so you can see how it behaves. Learn the structure, then swap in your own words.