Every word comes with furigana, romaji, and an original example sentence from real life in Japan.
10055 words · JLPT N1
JLPT N1 vocabulary
Words 1–10
touchi
governance
その島は長く外国に統治されていました。
その しま は ながく がいこく に とうち されていました。
sono shima wa nagaku gaikoku ni touchi sareteimashita.
That island was governed by a foreign country for a long time.
統治 is governing at the scale of nations — the state running a country. Companies get 経営; countries get 統治.
Read the full tip →shikou
enforcement (of law)
新しい法律が四月に施行されます。
あたらしい ほうりつ が しがつ に しこう されます。
atarashii houritsu ga shigatsu ni shikou saremasu.
The new law comes into force in April.
施行 is a law switching on — enacted rules taking real effect from a set date. Written yesterday, 施行 today, enforced tomorrow.
Read the full tip →seitei
enactment
市は新しい条例を制定しました。
し は あたらしい じょうれい を せいてい しました。
shi wa atarashii jourei o seitei shimashita.
The city enacted a new ordinance.
制定 is formally creating a rule or law — written, passed, put on the books. 施行 later switches it on; 制定 is the moment it exists.
Read the full tip →saiketsu
vote / decision
議案は明日採決されます。
ぎあん は あした さいけつ されます。
gian wa ashita saiketsu saremasu.
The bill will be voted on tomorrow.
採決 is the moment of the vote itself — hands raised, the bill passes or fails. 審議 talks; 採決 counts.
Read the full tip →kaketsu
approval (of bill)
予算案が可決されました。
よさんあん が かけつ されました。
yosan'an ga kaketsu saremashita.
The budget bill was approved.
When you meet 可決 in real text, pause on it once — meeting “approval (of bill)” in the wild a single time beats ten flashcard passes.
Read the full tip →hiketsu
rejection (of bill)
その提案は議会で否決されました。
その ていあん は ぎかい で ひけつ されました。
sono teian wa gikai de hiketsu saremashita.
The proposal was rejected by the assembly.
When you meet 否決 in real text, pause on it once — meeting “rejection (of bill)” in the wild a single time beats ten flashcard passes.
Read the full tip →shingi
deliberation
法案は今も審議中です。
ほうあん は いま も しんぎちゅう です。
houan wa ima mo shingichuu desu.
The bill is still under deliberation.
審議 is formal deliberation — a committee examining a bill line by line before any vote. Slow on purpose.
Read the full tip →toushin
report (to authority)
委員会が答申をまとめました。
いいんかい が とうしん を まとめました。
iinkai ga toushin o matomemashita.
The committee compiled its report.
Picture the last situation where you needed the idea of “report (to authority)” — at work, at the station, online — and attach 答申 to that exact scene.
Read the full tip →shimon
consultation (advisory)
政府は専門家に諮問しました。
せいふ は せんもんか に しもん しました。
seifu wa senmonka ni shimon shimashita.
The government consulted experts.
Make 諮問 yours: write one short sentence about “consultation (advisory)” from your own life, and this word will come back when you actually need it.
Read the full tip →kankoku
recommendation (official)
委員会は改善を勧告しました。
いいんかい は かいぜん を かんこく しました。
iinkai wa kaizen o kankoku shimashita.
The committee recommended improvements.
勧告 is an official recommendation with weight behind it — softer than an order, firmer than advice. Governments issue 勧告; friends just give アドバイス.
Read the full tip →Full-level practice
Ten sets, fifty randomly selected questions in every set.
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Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final setRandomly selected from the full N1 vocabulary level, with four answer choices for every question.
Start final set