JLPT N5–N1
Grammar for real life
Understand a pattern, explore examples, and practise from memory.
How grammar lessons work
- 1. Learn the meaning.
- 2. Build the pattern.
- 3. Read examples in context.
- 4. Hide the answer and try saying it.
Start at your level
N5 is beginner. N1 is advanced.
457 lessons
All JLPT levels
Choose one JLPT level above to follow ten-lesson units and take a focused checkpoint after each unit.
Share an idea
〜にかたくない
easy to ~ (imagine)
Everyday life
採決の苦労は想像にかたくない。
The hardships of the vote are not hard to imagine.
Share an idea
〜に堪えない
cannot bear to ~
Everyday life
統治の現状は見るに堪えない。
The current state of the governance is unbearable to see.
Share an idea
〜に足る
worthy of ~
Everyday life
彼は信頼に足る採決の担当者だ。
He is a person in charge of the vote worthy of trust.
Share an idea
〜に即して
in line with ~
Everyday life
現状に即して採決を見直す。
We will review the vote in line with the current situation.
Show a contrast
〜にひきかえ
in contrast to ~
Everyday life
昨年にひきかえ、今年の採決は順調だ。
In contrast to last year, this year's vote is going smoothly.
Compare choices
〜にもまして
even more than ~
Everyday life
以前にもまして統治が重要になった。
The governance has become even more important than before.
Share an idea
〜はおろか
let alone ~
Everyday life
休暇はおろか、停泊の時間さえない。
Let alone vacation, there is not even time for the anchorage.
Show a contrast
〜もさることながら
not only ~ but also
Everyday life
品質もさることながら、採決も重要だ。
Quality aside, the vote is also important.
Talk about conditions
〜であれ
whether ~ / even if
Everyday life
どんな採決であれ、準備が必要だ。
Whatever the vote may be, preparation is necessary.
Show a contrast
〜といえども
even though ~
At home
専門家といえども、採決を誤ることがある。
Even experts sometimes get the vote wrong.
Share an idea
〜たりとも
not even one ~
Everyday life
一日たりとも採決を怠らなかった。
Not even for a single day did we neglect the vote.
Share an idea
〜だに
even just ~
Everyday life
採決の失敗は想像するだに恐ろしい。
Even just imagining failure of the vote is frightening.
Share an idea
〜すら
even ~
Everyday life
基本の貯蔵すら確認していなかった。
We had not even checked the basic storage.
Share an idea
〜なりとも
even a little ~
Everyday life
一言なりとも採決について説明してほしい。
I want at least a word of explanation about the vote.
Connect events in time
〜かたがた
while also / combined with
At work
お礼かたがた、採決のご報告に伺いました。
I visited to report on the vote and also to thank you.
Connect events in time
〜かたわら
while also doing ~
At work
仕事のかたわら、統治の勉強を続けている。
While working, I continue studying the governance.
Connect events in time
〜がてら
while / on the occasion of
Everyday life
散歩がてら、隣接を見に行った。
While taking a walk, I went to see the adjacency.
Connect events in time
〜が早いか
as soon as ~
At home
採決が終わるが早いか、皆帰っていった。
No sooner had the vote ended than everyone went home.
Share an idea
〜や否や
the moment ~
Everyday life
稼働を公開するや否や、問い合わせが殺到した。
The moment we released the operation (of machines), inquiries flooded in.
Give a reason
〜そばから
as soon as (repeatedly)
Everyday life
稼働を直すそばから、新しい問題が見つかる。
As soon as we fix the operation (of machines), new problems appear.
Give a reason
〜てからというもの
ever since ~
Everyday life
稼働を導入してからというもの、残業が減った。
Ever since we introduced the operation (of machines), overtime has decreased.
Give a reason
〜こととて
because ~ (formal apology)
Everyday life
不慣れなこととて、採決に時間がかかった。
Being unaccustomed, the vote took time.
Share an idea
〜とて
even ~
Everyday life
私とて採決の責任を感じている。
Even I feel responsibility for the vote.
Share an idea
〜にして
only at / being ~
Everyday life
入社十年にして、初めて採決を任された。
Only after ten years at the company was I first entrusted with the vote.
Share an idea
〜にあって
in / at (a situation)
Everyday life
危機的状況にあって、統治が試された。
In a critical situation, the governance was put to the test.
Talk about plans
〜ともなしに
without really intending
Everyday life
見るともなしに貯蔵を眺めていた。
I was gazing at the storage without really meaning to.
Explain a purpose
〜んがため
in order to ~ (literary)
Shopping & services
採決を成功させんがため、全力を尽くした。
We gave our all in order to make the vote succeed.
Talk about conditions
〜んばかり
as if about to ~
At work
泣かんばかりの顔で採決の失敗を報告した。
With a face about to cry, he reported the failure of the vote.
Share an idea
〜ともすれば
apt to ~
Everyday life
ともすれば採決は後回しにされがちだ。
The vote is apt to be put off.
Share an idea
〜きっての
the most ~ in
At home
彼は社内きっての採決の専門家だ。
He is the company's foremost expert on the vote.