JLPT N5–N1
Grammar for real life
Understand a pattern, explore examples, and practise from memory.
How grammar lessons work
- 1. Learn the meaning.
- 2. Build the pattern.
- 3. Read examples in context.
- 4. Hide the answer and try saying it.
Start at your level
N5 is beginner. N1 is advanced.
457 lessons
All JLPT levels
Choose one JLPT level above to follow ten-lesson units and take a focused checkpoint after each unit.
Talk about conditions
〜ならでは
unique to ~
Everyday life
この貯蔵は職人ならではの仕上がりだ。
This storage has a finish unique to craftsmen.
Share an idea
〜たるや
speaking of ~ (emphatic)
Everyday life
その採決の規模たるや、想像以上だった。
As for the scale of that vote, it exceeded imagination.
Share an idea
〜であろうと
whatever ~ may be
At work
どんな採決であろうと、期限は守る。
Whatever the vote, we keep the deadline.
Explain a purpose
〜ようによっては
depending on how ~
Everyday life
考えようによっては、採決は好機だ。
Depending on how you look at it, the vote is an opportunity.
Compare choices
〜に越したことはない
nothing better than ~
Everyday life
採決は早めに始めるに越したことはない。
Nothing beats starting the vote early.
Talk about conditions
〜ないまでも
even if not ~
Everyday life
完璧でないまでも、採決の水準は満たしたい。
Even if not perfect, we want to meet the standard of the vote.
Talk about conditions
〜ならいざしらず
if it were ~, maybe
Everyday life
新人ならいざしらず、ベテランが採決を間違えるとは。
If it were a newcomer, fine — but for a veteran to get the vote wrong!
Share an idea
〜にとどまらず
not limited to ~
Everyday life
統治は国内にとどまらず、海外にも広がった。
The governance spread not only domestically but also overseas.
Share an idea
〜をよそに
ignoring ~
Everyday life
周囲の心配をよそに、彼は採決を続けた。
Ignoring the worries of those around him, he continued the vote.
Compare choices
〜をおいて
other than ~ (no one)
Everyday life
この採決を任せられるのは彼をおいて他にいない。
There is no one but him to entrust with this vote.
Share an idea
〜はさておき
setting aside ~
Everyday life
冗談はさておき、採決の話に戻りましょう。
Joking aside, let's return to the vote.
Share an idea
〜いかんによって
depending on ~
Everyday life
結果いかんによって、採決の方針が変わる。
Depending on the results, the policy for the vote will change.
Share an idea
〜いかんにかかわらず
regardless of ~
At work
理由のいかんにかかわらず、採決の遅延は報告すること。
Regardless of the reason, delays to the vote must be reported.
Talk about conditions
〜ものを
if only ~ (regret)
Everyday life
相談してくれればよかったものを、一人で採決を抱えていた。
If only you had consulted me — you carried the vote alone.
Share an idea
〜まじき
unbecoming / should not
Everyday life
それは担当者にあるまじき貯蔵の扱いだ。
That is handling of the storage unbecoming of a person in charge.
Set a boundary
〜べからず
must not ~ (written)
Everyday life
隣接に立ち入るべからず。
Do not enter the adjacency.
Explain a purpose
〜べく
in order to ~
Shopping & services
採決を改善すべく、調査を開始した。
We began an investigation in order to improve the vote.
Give a reason
〜ゆえに
because of ~ (formal)
Everyday life
経験不足ゆえに、採決に時間がかかった。
Owing to lack of experience, the vote took time.
Show a contrast
〜こそすれ
may well ~, but never
Everyday life
感謝こそすれ、統治を恨むことはない。
I may be grateful, but I would never resent the governance.
Share an idea
〜だの〜だの
things like ~ and ~
At work
採決だの会議だのと、今週は予定が詰まっている。
With the vote, meetings, and so on, this week is packed.
Share an idea
〜なり〜なり
either ~ or ~
Everyday life
メールなり電話なりで貯蔵を確認してください。
Please confirm the storage by email or by phone.
Share an idea
〜つ〜つ
alternately ~ing
Everyday life
行きつ戻りつ、貯蔵の前で考え込んだ。
Pacing back and forth, I pondered in front of the storage.
Share an idea
〜んとする
about to ~ (literary)
Everyday life
採決が始まらんとするとき、雨が降り出した。
Just as the vote was about to begin, it started raining.
Share an idea
〜を限りに
as of / ending with ~
Everyday life
今日を限りに採決を終了する。
As of today, the vote ends.
Share an idea
〜を機に
taking ~ as an opportunity
Everyday life
転職を機に、統治の学習を始めた。
Taking the job change as an opportunity, I started learning the governance.
Show a contrast
〜ところを
despite the situation
Getting around
お忙しいところを、採決にご協力いただき感謝します。
Thank you for cooperating with the vote despite being busy.
Share an idea
〜とみえる
it appears that ~
Everyday life
採決は順調とみえて、皆明るい顔をしている。
The vote appears to be going well — everyone looks cheerful.
Share an idea
〜ともあろう
of all people / things
At work
部長ともあろう人が、採決を忘れるとは。
For someone like the manager, of all people, to forget the vote!
Talk about conditions
〜たところで
even if ~
Everyday life
今から急いだところで、採決には間に合わない。
Even if we hurry now, we will not make it in time for the vote.
Talk about conditions
〜であれ〜であれ
whether A or B
Everyday life
成功であれ失敗であれ、採決から学ぶことがある。
Whether success or failure, there is something to learn from the vote.